Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung

Karlsruher Meteorologisches Kolloquium

Dozenten: Prof. Dr. T. Leisner, Prof. Dr. P. Braesicke, Prof. Dr. A. Fink, PD Dr. M. Höpfner, Prof. Dr. C. Hoose, Prof. Dr. P. Knippertz, PD Dr. M. Kunz, Prof. Dr. J. Pinto 

Veranstaltungskalender

 
Vortrag

Detecting Volcanic CO2 Emissions from Space

Freitag, 05. April 2013, 14:00-0:00
KIT Campus Nord, IMK
Gebäude 435, Raum 2.05
In the geological part of the global carbon cycle, volcanic carbon emissions are the primary means to re-inject sub ducted oceanic carbon sink material back into the atmosphere. Volcanoes are highly variable but continuous CO2 emitters, distributed globally, and emissions often occur at high altitudes, attesting to their importance as point source targets. We seek to measure volcanic CO2 emissions from space for three reasons: to improve the currently very poor global CO2 source strength estimates for volcanoes; to utilize volcanic CO2 emissions for emission and dispersion studies of high altitude strong point source; and to develop new volcano monitoring techniques, because changes in volcanic CO2 emissions are potentially the earliest available indicators of unrest, providing up to 2 months warning of a possible eruption. The Japanese GOSAT instrument aboard the Ibuki satellite has been operating since early 2009, producing CO2 total column data at a repeat cycle of 3 days and a field of view of 10km. Since summer 2010 we have conducted repeated target-mode observations on over 30 representative volcanoes globally, including Etna (Italy), Mayon (Philippines), Erta Ale (Ethiopia), and Ambrym (Vanuatu), using Level-2 GOSAT Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Short-Wave Infrared data. Where available, we compare these to SO2 data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and ground-based SO2 and CO2 measurements of our own and our collaborator’s networks. First results are promising, but the detection of CO2 from space of such point sources is tricky – many obstacles have to be overcome, including few cloud-poor measurements, and the increasingly high CO2 background in the atmosphere. Rigorous ground-based calibration and validation is key to understanding the obtained data. Future missions including OCO-2 and planned missions like the European CarbonSat and NASA’s proposed OCO-3, might provide better spectral and spatial resolving power at the expense of frequency of measurements. The agile and fast global pointing capability is anticipated to be continued by JAXA’s planned GOSAT-2 mission. We complement these measurements with in-situ autonomous real-time monitoring network data and campaign measurements of CO2 fluxes from volcanic flanks and lakes. As a result of this and other ongoing research, past estimates of global CO2 emissions from volcanoes are thought to have to be adjusted upward by at least a factor of four.
Diese Veranstaltung ist Teil der Reihe Karlsruher Meteorologisches Kolloquium
Referent/in
Florian M. Schwandner

California Institute of Technology, USA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Veranstalter
Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1
76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
Tel: 0721-608-0
E-Mail: sekretariat does-not-exist.imk-asf kit edu
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Hinweise

"CS" - KIT-Campus Süd (Universität), Gebäude 30.23 (Physikhochhaus), Seminarraum 13/2

"CN" - KIT-Campus Nord (Forschungszentrum), Gebäude 435 (IMK), Raum 2.05

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